Long-term agronomical performance and iron chlorosis susceptibility of several Prunus rootstocks grown under loamy and calcareous soil conditions

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance (vigor, yield, yield efficiency, number of root suckers), fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit size, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity), leaf and fruit mineral nutrition (macro and micro elements), leaf chlorophyll concentration and iron chlorosis susceptibility of ‘Big Top’ nectarine cultivar grafted on 20 Prunus rootstocks and grown in loamy and calcareous soil under the hot climate conditions of the Ebro river basin (Spain). After the 10 years of the study (at 11th leaf), statistical analysis showed significant differences among rootstocks for most of the traits evaluated. Based on vigor and cumulative yield, ‘Big Top’ trees from Padac 04-03 rootstock were found to be the most vigorous and productive, followed by Castore, GF-677, Ishtara®, PS and Rootpac® 70. However, the most efficient rootstocks were Controller 5, Adesoto® 101, Rootpac® 40, Krymsk® 1, Ishtara®, Penta, IRTA-1, Polluce, and Padac-150. ‘Big Top’ fruits from Rootpac® 40 had the highest fruit weight and fruit size (>70 mm), with good soluble solids content and titratable acidity, but less firmness than the other ‘Big Top’ fruits. After 3 months with no application of chelate, chlorosis symptoms were visible in most of the trees, with those from Krymsk® 1 and PS showing the highest susceptibility. In contrast, AD-105, Adesoto® 101, Cadaman®, GF-677, Padac-150, Rootpac® 40 and Tetra were the least susceptible rootstocks. Controller 5, IRTA-1, Padac-04.03 and Penta had moderate susceptibility. In conclusion, Rootpac® 40, Ishtara®, IRTA-1 and Padac-150 may represent a good compromise between canopy size control, yield, yield efficiency, fruit size, and susceptibility to iron chlorosis.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Rootstock affects quality and phytochemical composition of 'Big Top' nectarine fruits grown under hot climatic conditions

This study aimed to evaluate the stability of ‘Big Top’ nectarine fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit mineral elements and fruit phytochemical composition such as soluble solids content, titratable acidity, individual sugars, individual organic acids, total ascorbic acid content, total phenolics content, and antioxidant capacity) when grafted on 20 Prunus rootstocks over two consecutive seasons. For most of the evaluated traits, rootstock was the main source of variability, whereas for Mg, malic and citric acids, and glucose most of the variability was observed among years. Similarly, the interaction year × rootstock was not significant for most traits (14 out of 21), hence highlighting that most rootstocks responded in a similar manner to changes in the weather conditions. Thus said, some important micro- and macro-nutrients such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, together with taste- (fructose, glucose and sucrose) or health-related (antioxidant capacity) compounds showed a differential influence of the rootstock depending on the year conditions and thereby suggested that climatic conditions can be a limiting factor in the choice of rootstocks for a given nectarine cultivar. Overall, the results from this study indicated that the cherry-plum hybrid Krimsk-1 and the peach-plum hybrid PS rootstocks are the most suitable rootstocks for ‘Big Top’ under the conditions investigated herein. Both rootstocks induced high values on sugar profile, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, and TPC of ‘Big Top’ nectarine being relatively stable regardless of the weather conditions. Finally, the rootstocks IRTA-1 and Rootpac-20 also induced good fruit quality and phytochemical properties to ‘Big Top’ fruit.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Expression atlas of the Deubiquitinating enzymes in the adult mouse retina, their evolutionary diversification and phenotypic roles

Ubiquitination is a relevant cell regulatory mechanism to determine protein fate and function. Most data has focused on the role of ubiquitin as a tag molecule to target substrates to proteasome degradation, and on its impact in the control of cell cycle, protein homeostasis and cancer. Only recently, systematic assays have pointed to the relevance of the ubiquitin pathway in the development and differentiation of tissues and organs, and its implication in hereditary diseases. Moreover, although the activity and composition of ubiquitin ligases has been largely addressed, the role of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in specific tissues, such as the retina, remains mainly unknown. In this work, we undertook a systematic analysis of the transcriptional levels of DUB genes in the adult mouse retina by RT-qPCR and analyzed the expression pattern by in situ hybridization and fluorescent immunohistochemistry, thus providing a unique spatial reference map of retinal DUB expression. We also performed a systematic phylogenetic analysis to understand the origin and the presence/absence of DUB genes in the genomes of diverse animal taxa that represent most of the known animal diversity. The expression landscape obtained supports the potential subfunctionalization of paralogs in those families that expanded in vertebrates. Overall, our results constitute a reference framework for further characterization of the DUB roles in the retina and suggest new candidates for inherited retinal disorders

Seasonal variability of phytochemical composition of new red-fleshed apple varieties compared with traditional and new white-fleshed varieties

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the season on the apple phytochemical composition (phenolic compounds, triterpenes, and organic and ascorbic acids). For this proposal, four red-fleshed and five white-fleshed apple varieties from two consecutive seasons (2015 and 2016) were studied. A significant interaction with the season in some compounds was observed. The total phenolic content in the apple flesh from 2015 was higher than that from 2016 probably related with the lower rainfall during the harvest period in 2015 that could have favored hydric stress in the apple trees. The impact of the season on the apple skin was different. The 2016 season was characterized by higher maximum and minimum temperatures resulting in a higher content of flavonols, triterpenes, and organic acids. Anthocyanin concentration in both the flesh and skin of the red-fleshed apples showed no clear relationship to the season, and each variety showed an individual pattern.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the AGL2016-76943-C2-1-R project (cofunded by the State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund ERDF); and by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport through the “Formación Profesorado Universitario” grant awarded to D.B.-C. (FPU014/02902). In addition, L.B. acknowledges support from the MTM2015-69493-R grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer reviewe

Psicologia de l'adolescent

Dossier que incluye material teórico y bibliográfico sobre la psicología del adolescente dirigido a la acción tutorial en el bachillerato. Se realiza una introducción global e histórica sobre el tema. Desarrolla las caraterísticas principales del desarrollo del adolescente a nivel: físico y sexual, socio-afectivo, crisis de los valores familiares, cognoscitivo-aptitudes, moral-trascendente, autoconcepto, identidad e intereses así como las principales dificultades del adolescente a nivel de depresión, drogas y delincuencia.Generalitat de Catalunya. Servei d'Ordenació CurricularCataluñaES

L'acció tutorial al Batxillerat. L'entrevista

El documento se dirige a los profesores que realizen tutorías en educación secundaria. Se analiza la entrevista como instrumento de acción tutorial, y se determina y analiza un modelo de entrevista, así como sus fases. El documento incluye el análisis de un ejemplo de entrevista de tutoría. Se incluye bibliografía sobre el tema.Generalitat de Catalunya. Servei d'Ordenació CurricularCataluñaES

Phylogenetic analysis of DUB genes and neuronal/retinal phenotype.

<p>Protein sequences from the catalytic region of each enzyme group were queried in complete genome sequences of 14 animal taxa and aligned. The protein domain architectures including the catalytic and accessory domain motifs are represented next to each DUB member (A, JAMM; B, MJD; C, OTU; D, UCH; and D, USP). Black dots indicate presence of the ortholog, whereas white dots indicate homologs that cannot be confidently assigned to a DUB type (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150364#sec010" target="_blank">Results</a>). Question marks represent statistically supported clades of uncharacterized DUBs. DUB sequences that are highly similar and cluster closely together appear collapsed under a common name. In general, invertebrates have a single representative member of the collapsed branch, whereas vertebrate genomes show one member of each paralog (species circled in black). <i>Acropora digitifera</i> USP homologs were excluded from the analysis as they impaired the resolution of the USP phylogeny. Genes reported to produce an abnormal neuronal phenotype when mutated are circled in magenta, whilst genes producing abnormal eye or retinal phenotype are circled in green. Genes whose mutation is lethal during developmental stages are circled in blue. An schematic summary of the DUB mRNA localization in the mouse retina (from ISH) is also presented next to the corresponding family. The intensity of the color indicates hybridization signal intensity. Retinal layers appear indicated as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150364#pone.0150364.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p

Comparison of mRNA and protein immunodetection of selected DUBs in mouse retinal cryosections.

<p>Most analyzed genes render a consistent expression pattern when comparing mRNA and protein localization in the wild type mouse retina. The merge immunohistochemistry show DUBs immunodetected in red, and nuclei counter-staining with DAPI (in blue). Details in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150364#pone.0150364.s003" target="_blank">S3 Fig</a>. <b>RPE</b>- Retinal pigmented epithelium; <b>Phr</b>- Photoreceptor cell layer; <b>ONL</b>- Outer nuclear layer; <b>OPL</b>. Outer plexiform layer; <b>INL</b>- Inner nuclear layer, <b>IPL</b>- Inner plexiform layer; <b>GCL</b>- Ganglion cell layer.</p

<i>In situ</i> hybridization of genes encoding DUB enzymes on retinal cryosections.

<p>Sections from wild-type C57BL/6J mouse retinas were hybridized using digoxigenin-labelled antisense riboprobes. Their corresponding sense riboprobes (negative controls) stained for the same length of time (lower panels in each row) are in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150364#pone.0150364.s001" target="_blank">S1 Fig</a>. The antisense <i>Rhodopsin</i> probe, which strongly labels the inner photoreceptor segment, was used as a positive control for the assay. <b>RPE</b>- Retinal pigmented epithelium; <b>Phr</b>- Photoreceptor cell layer; <b>ONL</b>- Outer nuclear layer; <b>OPL</b>. Outer plexiform layer; <b>INL</b>- Inner nuclear layer, <b>IPL</b>- Inner plexiform layer; <b>GCL</b>- Ganglion cell layer.</p